Brain-Machine Interface

A brain-computer interface (BCI), is sometimes called a brain-machine interface (BMI) or smart brain.

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a device that lets the human brain communicate with and control external software or hardware, like a computer or robotic limb.

Brain-computer interfaces are often directed at researching, mapping, assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.

The main goal of BCI is to replace or restore useful function to people disabled by neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, or spinal cord injury.

BCIs range from non-invasive, and partially invasive to invasive , based on how close electrodes get to brain tissue.

These brain chips go over the scalp in a wearable device, get surgically placed under the scalp, or even get implanted within brain tissue.

The idea is that, the closer the chip is to the brain’s neural network, the more clear a signal can be interpreted.

Invasive BCI provides a more accurate reading; however, its downside includes side effects from the surgery.

After the surgery, scar tissues may form, weakening brain signals. In addition, the body may not accept the implanted electrodes.

Brain-computer interfaces may also prove useful for rehabilitation after stroke and for other disorders.

Brain-computer interfaces do not read minds but enable users to act on the world using brain signals rather than muscles.

Many BCIs remain in the experimental phase, and their main application involves moving a cursor by thought.

The most famous, BMI is Neuralink headed by Elon Musk, which is developing a coin-sized surgical implant. Its primary focus is to treat paralysis. In addition, the startup is building an eight-foot robot to place the neural threads.